What type of pump relies on the kinetic energy of a rotating impeller to move fluid?

The centrifugal pump relies on the kinetic energy generated by a rotating impeller to transfer fluid. When the impeller spins, it imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, increasing its velocity. This increase in velocity then translates into a pressure difference that pushes the fluid through the pump and into the discharge piping. The design of the centrifugal pump, which often includes a volute or diffuser to convert that high-velocity flow into higher pressure, is specifically optimized for this process.

Centrifugal pumps are widely used due to their efficient operation and ability to handle large volumes of fluids with relatively low viscosity. They perform best when pumping fluids in a continuous flow, making them suitable for a variety of applications, such as water supply, heating systems, and industrial processes.

This kinetic energy principle sets centrifugal pumps apart from other types such as gear, diaphragm, or lobe pumps, which operate through different mechanisms such as positive displacement or direct mechanical action.