What type of power supply does a typical electric starter motor require?

A typical electric starter motor requires 12 volt DC power because it is designed to operate off the electrical system of a vehicle, which typically utilizes direct current (DC) for its components. In automotive applications, the 12-volt battery provides the necessary power to start the engine by energizing the starter motor. This motor requires a high current to turn over the engine initially, which is effectively delivered by the battery.

The starter motor operates on a simple circuit design that is optimized for DC power, ensuring that it can produce the necessary torque to start the engine. Using a 12-volt system allows for efficient power use without needing complex conversions or additional circuitry that would be required with alternating current (AC) systems.

In contrast, single-phase AC power and two-phase AC power are more commonly used in larger machinery and household appliances, where continuous operation or torque control is needed rather than a brief, high-torque burst like that required for starting an engine. Likewise, 220 volt AC power is typically found in residential and commercial wiring systems and is not suitable for automotive starter motors due to compatibility and safety issues.