What term describes the fluid-to-solid change of state that occurs when heat is extracted?

The correct term for the fluid-to-solid change of state that occurs when heat is extracted is "latent heat of solidification." This process occurs when a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state as it cools down. During solidification, the latent heat of solidification is released, which is the energy that must be removed from the liquid for it to undergo this phase change.

In contrast, the latent heat of vaporization refers to the energy required for a substance to change from a liquid to a gas, while the latent heat of fusion pertains to the energy needed to change a solid into a liquid. The latent heat of condensation is the heat released when a gas changes back into a liquid. Each of these processes involves heat exchange but describes different phase transitions. Understanding these concepts is crucial in thermodynamics and power engineering, as they relate directly to energy transfer and material states.