What is the purpose of gutters in a building structure?

Gutters play a crucial role in a building's drainage system by collecting and redirecting rainwater runoff from the roof to vertical downspouts. This process prevents water from accumulating on the roof or spilling over the edges, which could lead to water damage, erosion, or structural issues. By efficiently channeling the water to designated drainage areas, gutters help protect the integrity of the building and manage water flow effectively.

The other options address functions that are not typical for gutters. Although drainage to the foundation is important, this specific function is primarily managed by drainage systems and not directly by gutters themselves. Filtering debris from rainwater is typically the role of leaf guards or strainers, not the gutters, which are designed to capture and transport water rather than process it. Insulating roof surfaces is unrelated to gutters, as insulation addresses heat retention rather than water management. Thus, the primary purpose of gutters is accurately captured in the selected answer regarding their role in conveying rainwater to vertical pipes.