What characteristic feature helps a centrifugal pump function effectively?

A centrifugal pump operates effectively primarily because of its rotating impeller. The impeller is a rotating component that transfers kinetic energy to the fluid, converting it into pressure energy. When the impeller spins, it creates a low-pressure area at the inlet, which draws the fluid into the pump. The fluid then passes through the vanes of the impeller, where it gains velocity and is pushed outwards to the discharge. This centrifugal force generated by the rotating impeller is what moves the fluid through the pump and into the pipeline.

The other features mentioned, such as operating pressure, suction head, and case design, while important for the pump's overall operation, do not play as critical a role in the fundamental function of moving fluid as the impeller does. The impeller's design and speed directly influence the flow rate and pressure generated by the pump, making it the key component for effective centrifugal pump performance.