Fixed oils, also called fatty oils, are produced from all of the following except?

Fixed oils, often referred to as fatty oils, are typically derived from natural sources such as plants and animals. These oils are generally triglycerides, which are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids. The correct choice identifies petroleum oil as an exception because it is a mineral oil extracted from the earth, composed primarily of hydrocarbons rather than the triglycerides that characterize fixed oils.

Lard, whale oil, and cottonseed oil are all examples of fixed oils derived from biological sources. Lard is rendered from pork fat, whale oil comes from the blubber of whales, and cottonseed oil is extracted from the seeds of cotton plants. These oils contain fatty acids and glycerol, fitting the definition of fixed oils, while petroleum oil does not share this biochemical composition.