Conduction heat gains are assumed to be equal to the temperature of which surface?

Conduction heat gains are primarily influenced by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of a structure. The correct answer signifies that conduction heat gains are evaluated based on the outdoor design condition, which establishes a benchmark for the highest expected temperature outside during a specific time frame, typically used in building energy calculations.

This outdoor temperature is crucial for determining how much heat is conducted into a building through its walls, roof, and other surfaces. By assuming conduction heat gains equal to the outdoor design condition, engineers can assess the worst-case scenario for energy loss or gain due to temperature differences across building surfaces. Hence, calculations for heating and cooling loads consider this outdoor condition to ensure that building designs can effectively manage energy requirements throughout their lifecycle.

Understanding this premise helps in creating accurate energy models and ensures proper sizing of HVAC systems to maintain indoor comfort under varying external conditions.